As nonmetric traits are often clinal in nature, categorizing and standardizing . The primary purpose of this research was to examine the utility of these traits . View Joseph Hefner's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. Dr. Joseph Hefner is an assistant professor at Michigan State University specializing in forensic anthropology and quantitative methods. Dr. Hefner is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Michigan State University. Hefner's spreadsheet is used for ancestry estimation, but the labels he uses ("Black" and "White") are not ancestry labels—they're social race labels. 2019 * Spiros MC. . Hefner (2009) and Osteoware (Smithsonian Institution, 2011) presented 16 macromorphoscopic traits that can be scored for standardized data collection and can also be used within a statistical framework to estimate ancestry. Using non-metric traits to estimate ancestry in the 21st century. The concepts of race and ancestry have a complex and long history in the field of biological anthropology. The assessment of ancestry, like the estimation of age, sex, and stature, is typically an expected component of a biological profile provided to law enforcement by a forensic anthropologist. The authors demonstrate it is possible to correctly classify an individual beyond the three-group model when applying Artificial Neural Network statistics ( 26 ). Biological affinity in forensic identification of human skeletal remains: beyond black and white. Dr. Hefner is considered one of the world's foremost experts on macromorphoscopic trait analysis and the estimation of ancestry in forensic anthropology. Ancestry estimation using cranial and postcranial macromorphoscopic traits. While there is a well-documented contemptible history associated . The discipline's origins are admittedly steeped in racism, colonialism, and typology, which the field has grappled with for over 100 years (e.g., Brace 2005; Edgar and Hunley 2009; Ta'ala 2015; Ousley et al. Ancestry estimation methods using macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits commonly focus exclusively on cranial morphology. In: Dirkmaat DC (ed) Companion forensic anthropol, 1st edn. Prior knowledge of ancestry for sex estimation, for example, can improve the accuracy of the estimation. Journal of Forensic Sciences 60 (5), 1300-1304. , 2015. menuDrawerCloseText menuDrawerOpenText Home. Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, pp 287-310 An ancestry estimate based on skeletal remains is derived from an individual's skeletal phenotypic characteristics which exhibit patterning influenced by their most likely place of geographic origin (Ousley et al. 2020; Hefner et al. Joseph T. Hefner, Ph.D., D-ABFA. Name: _ Ancestry Estimation For this assignment you will be using Hefners . Anthropologists have a lengthy history using cranial nonmetric traits to assess biological distances between populations. Introduction Estimation of ancestry is important not only to assist identification directly, but also as a required precursor to estimating age, sex, stature and other attributes. A set of cranial macromorphoscopic traits have been proffered to generate a methodological approach to the estimation of ancestry that can be empirically tested and verified. In: Krista Latham, Eric Bartelink, Michael Finnegan, editors, New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification. multivariate methods for ancestry estimation (e.g., Hefner and Ousley 2014; Hefner et al. Hefner noted that ancestry estimation based only on the "experi-ence-based" assessment of morphoscopic traits alone is "an art that is unscientific" (8:985). Cranial Nonmetric Variation and Estimating Ancestry. that make it possible to estimate the ancestry of human skeletal re mains (Christensen et al., 2014). View Homework Help - Ancestry Estimation Worksheet_Madison Shoemaker.docx from ANT 370 at North Carolina State University. Unfortunately, reliance on observer experience has produced a method that is as much an art as it is a science. 27) 2. Hefner non-metric ancestry estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0. Hefner family in Old Colony Ancestors. (11) and Vitek (12) have further assessed the utility of the Hefner traits for ancestry estimation. Journal of Forensic Sciences. *Spiros MC & Hefner JT. 2016; Spradley 2014a; Stull et al. 2016. Introduction. Journal of Forensic Sciences , 2020. Joseph T. Hefner, Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, 355 Baker Hall, 655 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI 48824. . a method of ancestry estimation that uses statistical analysis of morphoscopic traits and their character states; used for American Whites or American Blacks; traits used are ANS, INA, IOB, NAW, NBS, & PBD; each trait is scored on the basis of shape, presence, or absence or degree of expression, then scores are transformed into binary (0,1) variables (see pg. Joseph T Hefner hefnerj1@msu.edu. The methods used to estimate ancestry rely on the correlation between skeletal morphology, geographic origin, and an individual's social race. Web: Social Security Death Index (1937 - Current) Census records are among the most useful records available for family tree building. in Hefner (2009). 1986). Web: Free Hefner results at FamilySearch.org. A locked padlock) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Human Biology, 88.1. The primary purpose of this research was to examine the utility of these traits . But in these instances, some forensic anthropologists argue, a tool like ancestry estimation can be crucial. Spradley MK and Jantz RL. Date Published. Hefner (2009) and Osteoware (Smithsonian Institution, 2011) presented 16 macromorphoscopic traits that can be scored for standardized data collection and can also be used within a statistical framework to estimate ancestry. In general, skeletal traits and dental traits, whether morphoscopic or metric, are treated as independent from one another and are analyzed as independent data sets. Metric traits are those that are measured with a specialized device (e.g. Secular change in morphological cranial and mandibular trait frequencies in European Americans born 1824-1987 Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Unlike sex, age, and stature, however, ancestry estimation is fraught with misunderstanding, misuse, and controversy. 2018; Maier 2019; Go and Hefner 2020; Nikita and Nikitas 2020). , Hefner, J.T. Furthermore, Stull and colleagues (2020) point out the ample research into the evolutionary framework of variants used in ancestry estimation that support the use and accuracy of the method (Hefner & Linde, 2018). Refining Asian ancestry classifications via cranial macromorphoscopic traits. When Hefner examined it and searched the list of missing people in the area, he concluded that the skull might have came from a missing Southeast Asian male. Read Here . Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the variation within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, experience-based approach. Ancestry estimation is essential for biological profile estimation in forensic anthropology. Dr. Joseph HEFNER is an assistant professor of anthropology where he specializes in forensic anthropology and quantitative methods. Joseph T. Hefner, Ph.D., D-ABFA. 4. height estimates must account for soft tissue. The se variations can be found by assessing morphoscopic traits and collecting cranial . Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65(3), 921-929. Acad Forensic Pathol 2016;6(3):400-12. 5. height is age and sex specific (both of these are also estimates) Ancestry estimation using macromorphoscopic and decision support. When Hefner examined it and searched the list of missing people in the area, he concluded that the skull might have came from a missing Southeast Asian male. Nonmetric Cranial Trait Variation and Ancestry Estimation in Asian and Asian-Derived Groups. 2017 Pilloud, Marin A., Christopher Maier, G. Richard Scott, Joseph T. Hefner. Although craniometric analyses are widely used in ancestry estimation, at the time of this project, macromorphoscopic (MMS) trait data had not yet gained the empirical support needed for use in a court of law, so the current project's goal was to develop a large . Finally, we argue that the SVM can be used as a classification model for ancestry estimation in a . ABSTRACT: Recently, Hefner and Ousley (2014) introduced the optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method that maximizes . . Researchers are increasingly incorporating models of population history and genetics into their analyses (Spradley and Stull 2018). 42. However, regardless of the method used representative reference . Institutions; Individual subscriptions; Individual renewals; Recommend to your library; Purchase back issues; Browse issues Eugénia Cunha Statistical approaches to ancestry estimation: New and established methods for the quantification of cranial variation for forensic casework, . It. Proceedings of the 85th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists; 2016 April 13-16; Atlanta, GA. Google Scholar. He received his PhD from the University of Florida, Gainesville. Historically, population differences were quantified using cranial indices. , Hefner, J.T. A Validation Study Examining Hefner's "Cranial . Ancestry estimation is essential for biological profile estimation in forensic anthropology. menuDrawerCloseText menuDrawerOpenText Home. M.K. The first section clearly outlines datasets and methods within biological distance analysis, beginning with a brief history of the field and how it has progressed to its current state. 2020). The se variations can be found by assessing morphoscopic traits and collecting cranial . In recent years, a growing number of forensic anthropologists have grown critical of ancestry estimation and want to replace it with something more nuanced. Craniofacial Secular Change in Recent Mexican Migrants. A short summary of this paper. 2018).Yet in this time, we have not agreed on any one definition to encapsulate . . His interests in forensic anthropology include the estimation of ancestry using macromorphoscopic (cranial nonmetric) traits and cranial and postcranial metrics. Institutions; Individual subscriptions; Individual renewals; Recommend to your library; Purchase back issues; Browse issues 2015; Scott et al. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65(3), 921-929. An ancestry estimation might . by scoring the manifestation of macromorphosopic cranial features using Ouseley and Hefner's method, a tentative ancestry estimation can be . spreading calipers, sliding calipers . Next, Stull and colleagues (2020) address the concerns about law enforcement bias. These concepts were adopted by forensic anthropologists to estimate ancestry at the individual . Ancestry estimation is a factor of the biological profile with the potential to aid in or hinder forensic identification (Spradley et al. Master's Thesis, Gainesville, FL: The University of Florida . . Web: Hefner family tree results from MyHeritage. Cranial nonmetric traits ancestry estimation Reference data: Hefner, JT. . While these analyses have been used in many cases and contexts, questions regarding standardization and general accuracy in . Hefner and Ousley (17) have suggested that forensic anthropologists estimate ancestry using the cranial Gestalt (the overall morphological impression) and, after a positive identifi-cation, choose traits post hoc that support their subjective evalua-tion. Using these observations, a tentative age and sex estimation can be made based on morphology of the os coxae, crania, and cranial sutures (Buikstra et al. While these analyses have been used in many cases and contexts, questions regarding standardization and general accuracy in . The a nterior nasal spine (ANS) is scored depending on how much of a . The methods used to estimate ancestry rely on the correlation between skeletal morphology, geographic origin, and an individual's social race. Workshop for students and professionals at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Annual Meeting in Seattle, WA. An ancestry estimation might suggest people from both countries would . Subscribe/renew. Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric morphometric vs traditional and non-traditional inter-landmark distances. Within the field of forensic anthropology, the concept of ancestry estimation has seen its own professional change (for a more detailed review of ancestry estimation see Cunha and Ubelaker 2019 and Dunn et al. J. Hefner Psychology Journal of forensic sciences 2009 TLDR This research focuses on the frequency distribution and inter‐trait correlations of 11 common morphoscopic traits to demonstrate that the experience‐based approach to ancestry prediction is indeed an art that is unscientific, because it is unreplicable, unreliable, and invalid. of ancestry (Gill, 1998; Hefner 2003). in Hefner (2009). Proceedings of the 85th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists; 2016 April 13-16; Atlanta, GA. Google Scholar. 2014, Lovejoy et al. Subscribe/renew. 2009; Relethford 1994, 2002, 2009). A Validation Study Examining Hefner's "Cranial . Criminal cases in which the victim's identity is entirely unknown are rare. . Unlike LDA, random forest allows for this opposing type of approaches to be integrated in a robust computational way. While there is a well-documented contemptible history associated . Going south of the river: a multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London. The purpose of this study was to classify 207 South African crania . Hefner noted that ancestry estimation based only on the "experi-ence-based" assessment of morphoscopic traits alone is "an art that is unscientific" (8:985). October 2018 Length. Proc. There are currently matching Hefner records at Ancestry.com! Date Published. 3. most height variation is w/i 8-12''. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 2005;335-43. traits. Dr. Hefner co-authored a new publication in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology with Matthew Go (University of Illinois). Biological affinity in forensic identification of human skeletal remains: beyond black and white. 2014; Navega et al. However, few methods account for the relationships among the features used to estimate group memberships, such as ancestry (Hefner et al. Hefner JT, Spradley K, Anderson BE (2011) Ancestry estimation using random forest modelling. These traits signaled a shift in cranial nonmetric research, providing a standardized, objective framework for forensic ancestry estimation (Hefner & Linde, 2018; Hefner & Ousley, 2014; Hefner & Spradley, 2018)." 2020. It Journal of Forensic Sciences Early View, doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13081. 31. 180 PDF Research Methods in Human . Joseph T. Hefner, Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, 355 Baker Hall, 655 Auditorium Road, East Lansing, MI 48824. . Advances in Cranial Macromorphoscopic Trait and Dental Morphology Analysis for Ancestry Estimation. 2019 *Spiros MC. Forensic Sci. The second section focuses on approaches using the individual within a forensic context, including ancestry estimation and case studies. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the value of postcranial MMS traits, highlighting a combined cranial/postcranial trait approach to ancestry estimation using quadratic discriminant function and a variety of machine learning classification models including artificial . Spradley MK, Stull KE, Hefner JT. 2008; Ousley et al. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Countless advances in ancestry estimation, including method application, standardization, and . estimation of ancestry is an important part of the forensic anthropologist‟s toolkit for medico-legal death investigations. Forensic Anthropology, 2(1), 29-44. Hefner, J.T. More recent research by L'Abbe et al. Annotation. Second, the method relies on only a few traits and is quick and easy to use. Name: _____ Ancestry Estimation For this assignment you will be using Hefner's excel spreadsheet to estimate the ancestry of 2 different crania . (2012) scoring system is here. 5. . Spradley and Hefner argue that the traditional three-group model (African, European, and Asian or Hispanic or Native American) of ancestry estimation should no longer be used . This Paper. 2009. 2014). Am. Vol 54, No. The measurements for each dry skull-CT scan pairing were then analyzed for variance and mean differences. Go ; J. T. Hefner . Ancestry estimation from non-metric cranial traits has been used for many years by forensic anthropologists to identify unknown human remains. It would be more consistent if these traits were scored together or separated into smaller groups rather than all individually separate . The results of the morphological and metric . However, the practice of ancestry estimation has been widely critiqued in the literature by biological anthropologists (e.g., Shanklin 2000; Smay and Ousley SD. A pioneering study by Hefner etal. 2018 Plemons AM, Hefner JT, Kamnikar KR. Hefner, J.T. Acad. February 18-21. Since probit has not been applied to ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology, the current study (1) evaluated the performance of probit analysis as a classification tool for ancestry estimation using ordinal data and (2) expanded the current understanding of human cranial variation for . (11) and Vitek (12) have further assessed the utility of the Hefner traits for ancestry estimation. 2014; Lease & Sciulli 2005). RA Meeusen, AM Christensen, JT Hefner. Hefner JT. The "trait list" approach (e.g., Rhine, 1990), and even trait frequency distributions (e.g., Hefner, 2009), may inform the estimation of ancestry, but the observation of these traits does not qualify as an analytical method that meets strict legal standards of evidence. . Joseph T. Hefner Ph.D., . ANCESTRY ESTIMATION II. Using non-metric traits to estimate ancestry in the 21st century. Forensic . Hefner 2009; Cunha and Ubelaker 2019), including the dentition (Edgar 2013, Pilloud et al. Ancestry estimation methods have undergone marked changes since the early typological approaches. 231); once given binary scores . Joseph Hefner is an assistant professor specializing in forensic anthropology and quantitative methods. Back to the Software page ogists can predict ancestry accurately using a visual approach, what traits are they using? Ancestry estimation from non-metric cranial traits has been used for many years by forensic anthropologists to identify unknown human remains. Data analysis 9. Joseph T. Hefner . (2020). Comparison of two dental age estimation methods within transition analysis. 2020 Annotation. 195 pages. Joseph T. Hefner Ph.D. Statistical Research, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85712. 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